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Pre-European history Ngāti Porou takes its name from the ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki.[6] He was a di...
Pre-European history
Ngāti Porou takes its name from the ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki.[6] He was a direct descendant of Toi-kai-rākau. Other ancestors include Māui, accredited in oral tradition with raising the North Island from the sea, and Paikea, the whale rider.[4][5]

Although Ngāti Porou claim the Nukutaimemeha as their foundation canoe, many Ngāti Porou ancestors arrived on different canoes, including Horouta, Tākitimu and Tereanini. The descendants of Porourangi and Toi formed groups that spread across the East Cape through conquest and through strategic marriage alliances.[4][5]

Associations with other iwi also arise through direct descent from Ngāti Porou ancestors:

Kahungunu, descending from Ueroa, second son of Porourangi, is the founding ancestor of Ngāti Kahungunu, who occupy the region south of the Ngāti Porou tribal boundaries.
Taua, descended from Kahungunu, is a prominent ancestor in Te Whānau-ā-Apanui genealogy.[citation needed]
Ngāti Raukawa and the Tainui iwi have association through Rongomaianiwaniwa, daughter of Porourangi, and the marriage of the ancestress Māhinaarangi to Tūrongo.
Ngai Tahu traditions also indicate descent from both Porourangi and from Tahupōtiki, younger-brother to the former.[4][5]

Colonial history

Wharenui (meeting house) in Waiomatatini, 1896, named Porourangi after the ancestor Ngāti Porou derive their name from.[7]
The early 19th century saw Ngāti Porou in conflict with Ngā Puhi during the latter's campaign of warfare throughout the North Island. This period also saw the introduction of Christianity to the region, which led to a period of relative calm and cultural development. Ngāti Porou chiefs were also signatories to the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Ngāti Porou experienced substantial economic growth during the 1850s.[4][5]

During the 1860s, the Pai Mārire religious movement spread through the North Island, and eventually came into conflict with the New Zealand Government. From 1865–1870, a civil war emerged within Ngāti Porou, between Pai Mārire converts seeking the creation of an independent Māori state (supported by Pai Mārire from other regions) and other Ngāti Porou advocating tribal sovereignty and independence. This conflict is generally viewed as part of the East Cape War.[4][5]

Modern history
Ngāti Porou once again enjoyed peace and economic prosperity during the late 19th century. The 1890s saw the emergence of Sir Āpirana Ngata, who contributed greatly to the revitalisation of the Māori people. During the early 20th century, the population of Ngāti Porou increased substantially. They were active in their participation in both World Wars.[4][5]

After World War II, large numbers of Ngāti Porou began emigrating from traditional tribal lands and moving into larger urban areas, in a trend reflected throughout New Zealand. A large portion of the tribal population now lives in Auckland and Wellington.[4][5]

Hapū and marae
Potikirua ki Waiapu
The Potikirua ki Waiapu rohe includes these hapū:

Ngāi Tamakoro, of Tutua marae in Te Araroa
Ngāi Tāne, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
Ngāti Hokopū, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
Ngāti Kahu, of Punaruku marae in Hicks Bay
Ngāti Nua, of Hinepare maraein Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
Ngāti Putaanga of Kaiwaka marae in Tikitiki, and Putaanga marae in Tikitiki
Ngāti Tuere of Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika marae in Hicks Bay, Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa, and Tutua marae in Te Araroa
Te Whānau a Hinepare, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, Awatere marae in Te Araroa, Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa, Hurae marae in Te Araroa, Kaiwaka marae in Tikitiki, and Rāhui marae in North Tikitiki
Te Whānau a Hunaara, of Matahī o Te Tau marae in Horoera, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Karuai, of Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa, Karuai marae in Tikitiki, and Waiomatatini marae in Ruatōria
Te Whānau a Rākaimataura, of Rāhui marae in North Tikitiki
Te Whānau a Rerewa, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Takimoana, of Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Tapuaeururangi, of Pōtaka marae in Pōtaka
Te Whānau a Tapuhi, of Taumata o Tapuhi in Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Te Aotakī Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika, of Tūwhakairiora in Hicks Bay
Te Whānau a Te Uruahi Tinatoka, of Te Poho o Tinatoka in Tikitiki
Te Whanau a Tinatoka Tinatoka, of Te Poho o Tinatoka in Tikitiki
Te Whānau a Tuwhakairiora, of Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika marae in Hicks Bay, and Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa[3]
Waiapu ki Tawhiti
The Waiapu ki Tawhiti rohe includes these hapū:

Ngāi Taharora Taharora, of Taharora marae in Waipiro Bay
Ngāi Tangihaere, of Kariaka marae in Ruatōria, Ruataupare marae in Ruatōria, and Whareponga marae in Ruatōria
Ngāti Horowai, of Te Horo marae in Port Awanui
Ngāti Rangi, of Reporua marae in Ruatōria
Ngāti Uepōhatu, of Mangahanea marae in Ruatōria, Uepōhatu marae in Ruatōria, and Umuariki marae in Tūpāroa
Te Aitanga a Matem, of Hiruhārama marae, Penu marae in Makarika, Rongohaere marae in Ruatōria, and Whareponga marae in Ruatōria
Te Aowera, of Hiruhārama marae, and Te Aowera marae in Ruatōria
Te Whānau a Hineauta, of Tikapa marae
Te Whānau a Hinekehu, of Kariaka marae and Rauru marae in Ruatōria
Te Whānau a Hinetapora, of Mangahanea marae in Ruatōria, and Te Heapera marae in Ruatōria
Te Whānau a Iritekura Iritekura, of Iritekura marae in Waipiro Bay
Te Whānau a Mahaki, of Te Horo marae in Port Awanui
Te Whānau a Pōkai, of Tikapa marae
Te Whānau a Rākaihoea Kākāriki, of Rākaihoea marae in Waiomatatini
Te Whānau a Rākairoa, of Kie Kie marae in Waipiro Bay, and Rongohaere marae in Ruatōria
Te Whānau a Te Haemata, of Kie Kie marae in Waipiro Bay
Te Whānau a Umuariki, of Umuariki marae in Tūpāroa
Te Whānau a Uruhonea, of Te Horo marae in Port Awanui[3]
Tawhiti ki Rototahe
The Tawhiti ki Rototahe rohe includes these hapū:

Ngāi Tutekohi Hauiti, of Ruakapanga marae in Tolaga Bay
Ngāti Hau, of Hinetamatea marae in Tokomaru Bay
Ngāti Ira, of Ōkurī marae in Tolaga Bay, and Tuatini marae in Tokomaru Bay
Ngāti Kahukuranui, of Hauiti marae, Hinemaurea ki Mangatuna marae and Ōkurī marae in Tolaga Bay
Ngāti Patu Whare, of Te Rawheoro marae in Tolaga Bay
Ngāti Wakarara, of Hinetamatea marae in Tokomaru Bay
Te Aitanga a Hauiti, of Hauiti marae and Te Rawheoro marae in Tolaga Bay
Te Whānau a Ruataupare ki Tokomaru, of Pakirikiri marae, Tuatini marae and Waiparapara marae in Tokomaru Bay
Te Whānau a Te Aotawarirangi, of Te Ariuru marae in Tokomaru Bay
Te Whānau a Te Rangipureora, of Puketawai marae in Tolaga Bay[3]
Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau
The Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau rohe includes these hapū:

Ngāti Konohi, of Te Poho o Rawiri marae in Kaitī, and Whāngārā marae
Ngāti Oneone, of Te Poho o Rawiri marae in Kaitī[3]
Governance
Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou was established in 1987 to be the tribal authority of the iwi. It is organised into a whānau and hapū development branch, economic development branch, and a corporate services branch, and aims to maintain the financial, physical and spiritual assets of the tribe.[8] The common law trust is overseen by a board, with two representatives from each of the seven ancestral zones. As of 2018, the trust is based in Gisborne, and is chaired by Selwyn Parata, with Herewini Te Koha as both chief executive and general manager.[3]

The trust administers Treaty of Waitangi settlements under the Ngati Porou Claims Settlement Act, represents the iwi under the Māori Fisheries Act, and is the official iwi authority for resource consent consultation under the Resource Management Act. Its rohe is contained within the territory of Gisborne District Council, which is both a regional and district council.[3]

Media
Radio Ngāti Porou
Radio Ngāti Porou is the official station of Ngāti Porou. It is based in Ruatoria and broadcasts on 89.3 FM in Tikitiki, 90.5 FM at Tolaga Bay, 93.3 FM in Gisborne, 98.1 FM in Ruatoria, and 105.3 FM at Hicks Bay.[9][10]

Notable people
Main category: Ngāti Porou
Sir Āpirana Ngata
Alex Aiono, singer
William Singe, singer
George Nepia
Te Moana Nui a Kiwa Ngarimu VC
Witi Ihimaera, writer
Parekura Horomia politician
John Tamihere, politician
Moana Jackson
Sofia Minson, artist
Wynton Rufer
Georgina Beyer, politician
Robyn Kahukiwa
Te Ngahuru, 28th Maori Battalion
Dame Iritana Tāwhiwhirangi, educationalist
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